Fig. 1

Schematic representation of the factors that modulate the LLPS dynamics in the formation of biomolecular condensates and the potential consequences of variants affecting IDRs. LCRs: The low-complexity regions exhibit a limited range of amino acid compositions, leading to reduced amino acid diversity within these regions. Locally, amino acids tend to cluster, forming hydrophobic or electrostatic patches that facilitate the molecular aggregation process; SLiMs: short linear interacting motives, PTMs: Post-translational modifications, MID: modular interacting domain, IDR: Intrinsically disordered regions, CC: critical concentration