Comprehensive insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in adult autoimmune enteropathy

Table 3 Characteristics of reported AIE in literature with or without immunodeficiency

Clinical features	All cases with immunodeficiency*	Results of cases with immunodeficiency	All cases without immunodeficiency*	Results of cases without immunodeficiency	P value
Age (years) at Dx	16	41.5 (IQR: 28~54.8) ^$	113	50.0 (IQR: 38~62) ^$	0.030^$
Gender	16	Female/Male = 6/10 = 0.6/1	102	Female/Male = 64/38 = 1.68/1	0.056^#
AE antibody	14	(+) in 1 case (7%)	56	(+) in 35 cases (63%)	< 0.001^#
AG antibody	13	(+) in 1 case (8%)	29	(+) in 7 cases (24%)	0.398^#

Dx, diagnosis; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; AE, anti-enterocyte antibody; AG, anti-goblet cell antibody; IEL, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, means > 40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells; Minimal IEL, means less than 40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells; AGA, anti-gliadin antibodies; tTG, tissue transglutaminase
* The number of effective cases reported in literature until 2024. Because the information recorded in the literature is not sufficiently detailed, the clinical features of some cases were missing. Therefore, cases with detailed and definitive descriptions of clinical features are termed as effective cases
$ Continuous variables that does not fit the normal distribution are shown as the median (IQR: 25th percentile point ~ 75th percentile point) with IQR means interquartile range. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the difference between the two groups of measurement data not conforming to normal distribution. A p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance in the SPSS 26.0 analysis
# Categorical variables were expressed as the percentage. The chi-square test is employed for comparing rates between two groups. When the expected frequencies are all greater than 5, the p-value is derived from the Pearson chi-square test. In cases where there are expected frequencies less than 5, the p-value is obtained from Fisher’s exact test. A p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance in the SPSS 26.0 analysis

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